Definition and determinants of price elasticity

Definition and determinants of price elasticity Definition of price elasticity (PES) to supply refers to a measurement of relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price. There is a few determinants that affects the outcome of the PES. One of the determinants is time period. Supply will be more elastic when time given to a company to change its adjustment is more. In short run, the time given to firms and companies are too short to adjust or change and adapt. For example, Sammys burger face a shortage of beef meat as raw material. It is inelastic if the time period is limited to a few hours only. The price of the burger might increase but the there is simple no other methods to help Sammy. In long run, time given to firms and producers are long enough to adjust their firm size and prepare for firms to enter or leave. In this way, Sammy would have enough time to search for alternate way for new resources. Another determinant is resource substitution possibilities, which means some goods or product that can only be produced or made by using special technique or limited resources. These products have a very low elasticity of supply or maybe zero. However goods which are commonly produced that could be simply found have a relatively high elasticity of supply. Example, Louis Vuitton handbags are all handmade from genuine leather, hence there are less products that may substitute it. The PES of Louis Vuitton is much more inelastic. Question 2B Price Businesses can use the concept price elasticity to decide their pricing strategy by determining whether the good to be sold is inelastic, elastic, unitary, perfectly inelastic, and perfectly elastic. If the price elasticity is inelastic it shows that the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. For example, good A is given a discount of 10%, but quantity demanded only increased slightly by a 3%, thus is will be a smarter way to gain more profit by increasing the price instead of decreasing and only quantity demanded will only decrease slightly. Diagram 2.1 shows the demand curve of this case. 10% Quantity demanded D Diagram 2.1- Inelastic Demand 4% Furthermore, when the demand of a certain good is elastic it shows a scenario which the percentage change in quantity demanded is larger than the percentage change in price. For example, good B is an inelastic good, hence giving discounts or decreasing the price will attract more customers, thus increasing the total revenue of the business. Diagram 2.2 shows the demand curve of good B decreasing the price by 10% and earning 20% more quantity demanded. Price 10% D 20% Quantity demanded Diagram 2.2- Elastic Demand Thirdly, if demand of a good is unitary elastic, which the percentage change in quantity demanded equals to the percentage change in price. Any rise in price will be exactly offset by a fall in quantity, leaving the total revenue unchanged. In Diagram 2.3, it shows that when given a 10% discount, quantity demanded will increase by 10%; the total revenue earned is the same as before discount. Therefore, producer should decrease the price of product, manufacturing less goods saving more time and man power and redirecting it to another productive product. Price 10% D Quantity demanded Diagram 2.3-Unitary Elastic 10% When demand is perfectly inelastic, the quantity demanded will not change as the price change. Consumers will not response to any change in price at all. In diagram 2.4, it shows that when price decrease by 10%; no changes are to be seen. Hence if producers increase the price of the product, quantity demanded will not be affected. Price D 10% Quantity demanded Diagram 2.4- Perfectly Inelastic Price Last but not least is perfectly elastic demand, where only slight percentage change in price will cause an infinite percentage change in quantity demanded. This means that consumers have a great response to a change in price. Hence, producers should remain the price or follow the market value and not simply changing the price because a small change can bring an infinite change in quantity demanded. D Quantity demanded Diagram 2.5- Perfectly elastic Question 3A Supply is the production of a certain good or product by suppliers or future suppliers for the market a variation of price at a certain time period. From the law of supply, if the price of a certain good increase, so will the quantity supplied of the good. A supply curve is a graph that shows quantity of goods that producers will supply according to the price. The graph will always sloped upwards to the right side because quantity supply is bigger at a dearer price. Diagram 3.1 shows how a supply curve is. Price Quantity supplied Diagram 3.1 S0 Price There are a few reasons supply of a product will increase. If there is an increase in supply, the supply curve will shift rightwards. Diagram 3.2 shows a shift in the supply curve from S0 to S1. S1 Diagram 3.2 Quantity supplied Firstly, a decrease or increase in the cost of making a good will determine the supply. In this case, cost of raw material or packaging too will affect the cost price. If cost of raw material for a certain good drop, suppliers will tend to produce more good and hence the supply will increase. Example, the cost of flour drops and results to an increase supply of bread. The drop in cost of flour the raw material of bread will lower down the cost of production thus suppliers will be able to produce more. Hence, the supply increases. Secondly, the improvement in technology will affect the supply of a certain good. Improvement in technology is able to decrease the cost of production and increase productivity of a certain good, thus resulting in an increase in supply of good at every price level. For example, the development in robotic arms and computers enabled car manufacturers to produce cars in a faster pace yet with a promising product. Hence, car manufacturers can cut cost at man power and also costly mistakes. Supply will increase as the technology continues to develop. Last but not least, is the price of substitute goods and competitive goods that may affect the supply of a good. Producing these goods requires similarly the same raw material. Hence, producers will choose to concentrate on the product which is more profitable and a better demand rate. Example, nukia N99 is more popular compared to nukia M99, thus producers will try to produce more nukia N99 which is more profitable than nukia M99. Hence supply of nukia N99 will increase. Question 3B Economists are saying that price floor and price ceilings can control the distribution of scarce good to those consumers who value them most highly. Price floor also know as minimum price is set above the equilibrium price to take effect. By doing so, goods have to be sold at a minimum price; hence minimum profits are earned by suppliers. On the other hand, price ceiling or the maximum price is set below the equilibrium price to take effect, lowering the price will attract consumers. Diagram 3.3 shows the price floor and Diagram 3.4 shows the price ceiling. Price S e Pe D Piece ceiling (Max. price) Diagram 3.3 Price Ceiling Quantity Demand Price D S Quantity Demand Piece Floor (Min. price) e Pe Diagram 3.4- Price Floor S : Supply curve D : Demand curve Pe : Price Equilibrium e : Equilibrium point Rationing function of price is the increase or decrease in price to clear the market of any shortage or surplus, while the resource allocation defines as an amount of resource given to a party for a specific purpose. The price floor and price ceiling are said to be stifle the rationing function of prices and distort resource allocation because they are made by the government to make sure suppliers gain profit. But this may result in surplus between demand and supply. As an example, good A is set at a price floor of $20 which is $5 more than the price at equilibrium. Some consumers are willing and able to buy the product at a higher price, and producers will continue supply good A. producers may raise the price of good A, but in return less consumer will buy it. This may result a surplus in the market. Other than that it also results distort resource allocation because not all products are able to be sell out. S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price Equilibrium S Price of good A surplus $20 Pe D Quantity demand of good A Furthermore, once a price ceiling is put onto a good by the government, a shortage will happen between the supply and the demand of the product which eventually causes stifle of rationing function of prices and distorts the resource allocation. For example, salts have a price ceiling of $3 per packet, which is determined by the government. In other words, consumers are able to buy salt at a much cheaper price. But suppliers will not be able to make a better profit; hence supply will be limited by producers. This results to a shortage of salt in the market. Distort resource allocation occurs, thus not all consumers are able to buy salt because of the stocks are limited. Price of salt (per packet) S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price Equilibrium Quantity of sugar (package) S Shortage Pe $3 D Question 5A The definition of demand can be defined as quantities of a good or service that people are ready and willing to buy at various prices within some given time period, other factor besides price held constant, ceteris paribus. Price of Cintan First of all, a change in demand will cause the demand curve to shift rightwards. Other than the price of the good itself, there are a few other determinants that leads to a shift in the curve. Some of the determinants are price of substitute or complementary good, size of a household income, taste and fashion, weather condition, and etc. the curve will shift rightwards if there is an increase in demand and vice versa. Example, a drop in the price of Maggie instant noodle which is the substitute of Cintan instant noodle drops from $3 to $2. In this case, the demand of Cintan will drop, hence the demand curve of Cintan will shift leftwards. This is because consumers will be attracted by the cheaper good and not the dearer one. According to the law of demand, as the price of a good decrease, the quantity demanded of the good rises and vice versa, ceteris paribus. Diagram 5.1 shows the demand curve of Cintan instant noodle shift from D0 to D1 when a there is a decrease in demand. D1 D0 Diagram 5.1 Quantity Demanded On the other hand, a change in quantity demanded is shown as a movement along the demand curve. The one and only factor which can results a change in quantity demanded is the price of the good itself. When the price decreases, the quantity demanded will increase and vice versa, ceteris paribus. For example, in Diagram 5.2 an upward movement from A to B along the demand curve due to an increase in price of cheese from $5 to $8. The quantity demanded of cheese decreases from Qd0 to QD1 according to law of demand. Price of cheese($) 8 B 5 A Diagram 5.2 D Qd1 Qd0 Quantity demanded of cheese D: Demand curve A: point A B: point B Qd: Quantity demanded Question 5B Income elasticity of demand (YED) shows the proportionate  change  in the  demand  for a good in  response  to a change in households income. YED can also be explained as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in households income. Below is the way YED is written down in formula form: The percentage change in quantity demanded YED = The percentage change in households income There are several degrees affecting the YED. First degree of all is the positive YED. The outcome of the YED is a positive outcome, which means that demand will rise as income rise too. Positive YED can be further broken down into two categories, income elastic and income inelastic. Income elastic is said to be income elastic when the outcome is greater than 0 but lesser than 1 (0< YED 1) it is said to be income inelastic. This is because the percentage change in quantity demanded differs by a large percentage over the percentage change in households income. The good is known as luxury, example of luxury goods are branded items, sport cars, and branded clothes. Second degree of YED is negative YED, which is a negative outcome of YED value (YED< 0). In this case, when demand falls, income rises. Goods under this degree are known as inferior good. Example of inferior goods are second-hand items, replica items, and low class good. Last but not least is when YED equals exactly to zero (YED = 0 ). This only occurs when the quantity demanded does not change as the income changes. All the goods under this degree are necessity. Basic needs such as rice and salt are utilized on daily life, hence income will not affect the demand. Question 6A Diagram 6.1 Consumer surplus is the difference between total amount that consumers are willing and able to pay for a good or service and the total amount that they actually pay. Producer surplus is the difference between what producers are willing and able to supply a god for and the price they actually receive. The level of producer surplus is shown by the area above the curve and below the market price. Price of good Consumer Surplus S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price equilibrium Q: Quantity D S Pe Quantity of good Producer Surplus Consumer surplus shows the highest price customers are willing to pay and the market price that they are actually paying for. Consumer surplus tells us that customers gets the benefit from paying lesser than the actual price. The area under the demand curve and above the price equilibrium represents the consumers surplus. For example. A consumer whom is willing to pay $20 for Good A but the actual price for Good A is only $5 to have it. Hence the consumer surplus is $5 which is the value that is paid lesser than what he is willing to pay. Other than that, the area above the supply curve and under the price equilibrium represents the producers surplus. For example, producers are willing to sell their product shoe at a price of $100 but instead the market paid them $200. Hence, the producers received $100 more than they are willing to take, $100 is the producers surplus. (Geoff Riley, Eton College, September 2006, http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-consumer-producer-surplus.html .) Question 6B Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost are the three basic concepts of economics. Scarcity is a case where human needs are in excess compared to resources available. Choice is the time where humans are force to make a choice by scarcity between two or more choices. But for every choice humans make, another will be sacrificed, and the sacrificed choice are known as opportunity costs. The above concepts are best explained by a production possibility frontier graph (PPH) that shows various maximum combination of two outputs that the economy produce. A few assumptions are set on the PPF graph- only two products produced, efficient production, fixes production, and fixed technology. Moreover, any points outside the reach of the PPF is unattainable points and the point which lies beneath the PPF is possible to achieve and is also known as attainable points but usually not desirable, inefficient points. While points on the curve are possible outputs that is known as efficient points. E B A 10 9 C 8 5 D 2 4 3 1 0 Diagram 6.1 Combinations Television Radios A 0 10 B 1 9 C 2 8 D 3 5 E 4 0 Table 6.1 In this case, the society faces a scarce resource to produce televisions and radios. Therefore, the society will have to make a choice to produce which good more or less. If combination A is chosen, 10 radios will be produced while none for television. 4 television are sacrificed or taken as opportunity cost. The following combinations happens as the table shown above.

humor race and misunderstanding Essay -- essays research papers

Humor, Race and Misunderstanding â€Å"Comedy is simply a funny way of being serious.† Peter Ustinov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"On Being Crazy†, DuBois defines crazy as behavior based on illogical perceptions. Both the narrator and wayfarer agree that the wayfarer walking in the mud and becoming muddy rather than walk along side a dirty nigger who is clean is crazy. DuBois illustrates that society prefers to cut off its nose to spite its face instead of fixing the nose. Twain builds much of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in the same manner. His commentary regarding the social injustice is buried within the story’s humor. While it isn’t readily available on the surface, if one is so inclined to look, it can be easily found. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain satirizes the idiocy and cruelty of society in general. The language of the book, despite its accurate reflection of 19th century dialect, in and of itself is an illustration of misunderstanding. Nigger. Although it has acquired additional connotations in today’s society, at base, it still evokes an intense emotional and psychological response. Even now, in print or in speech, the word nigger causes one to cringe. Today, no one would tolerate being referred to as a nigger let alone called a nigger to their face. However, Jim and every other black, free or slave, endured that insult daily because it was a part of the social fabric. Even those with ‘good intentions’ used nigger as a utility word to desc...

Analysis on Pyramus and Thisbe Essay

â€Å"Leaving the person I love in danger and continuing to live on is the same as being dead.† -Hyuga, Natsume. Pyramus and Thisbe were a couple that preferred dying instead of living life without each other or considering that his or her beloved was in danger. Pyramus and Thisbe were deeply in love with each other, but could not be together for their parents had prohibited them from being with each other. The young lovers wanted to be together so badly and so they decided to run away together ignoring the demands of their parents. All bad choices are followed by consequences and that ´s what happened with these couple. As they were running away a horrible creature appeared to Thisbe making her run while her scarf fell. The creature crabbed the scarf and left it in the ground. As soon as Pyramus arrived to the place where they had to meet, he saw the scarf full of blood. He could not accept the tragedy and killed himself. While he committed suicide, Thisbe saw there was no more danger and decided to walk back to meet Pyramus. When she got there she saw Pyramus dead and grabbing on to her scarf. She could not accept what had happened and neither a life without him and so she killed herself. The myth of Pyramus and Thisbe is a tragic story but with important lessons. The tragedy of Pyramus and Thisbe would never have happened if they had taken good choices and if they had not supposed things they thought were true. Pyramus and Thisbe both decided to disobey their parents and ignore the consequences that would come after. They were so deeply in love with each other and thought the worse that could happened to them was that their parents would find them together. In that moment neither of them thought of the dangerous things that could happen to them or even about death. Both young lovers took a bad choice and as always their consequences were not far away. They both ran away from home and as a consequence Thisbe first encountered danger and then both had to do things that were against their own will. Both had to kill themselves because they could not imagine a life without each other. Life always has consequences for the choices and actions we take. If only they would have thought of the consequences of their actions, maybe they would have had a life together. The Bible says:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children, Obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Honor your father and your mother-which is the first commandment with a promise- that it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on the earth.† The lord promises reward to those who obey their parents and that’s what we have to do every day of our lives. If we take good decisions then there is no doubt that our consequences will be of reward. The myth of Pyramus and Thisbe became a tragic story not only because of the consequences of their actions but also because they supposed things that were not true. When Pyramus saw Thisbe ´s scarf in the floor with blood he supposed she was dead when really she was not. Instead of looking for her and starting to ask for help, he thought of the worse things that could happen to her beloved. He ended up thinking that the horrible beast ate her and with that in his mind he took his life away. If only he had waited for her to come back and not suppose of something that was not true, it would not have ended in such a tragedy. If Pyramus had not killed himself then Thisbe would not have killed herself too and they would have lived happily ever after. It’s a lesson that we have to learn from, it is better for us not to suppose about something we think is true. It is better to ask so we don ´t imagine things like with think they are. In conclusion, Pyramus and Thisbe both received a tragic ending because of the bad decisions they took. We both had to die with the idea that it was their fault their beloved died. Even though it may seem so tragic, it has two important lesson from which we have to learn. We have to see their errors and make better decisions so we do not fall into the same tragedies. Learning from their mistakes we can be better people and even take better decisions that will not give us bad consequences but instead rewards. When we are not sure that we are making good decisions we can always ask others or use the bible to help us see what is wrong, right and what will bring us a joyful life here on earth.

The Request For Proposal Process - 2846 Words

Cynthia Holden IS 578 The Request for Proposal Process Enterprises seeking a consulting firm or product vendor for management, strategy, outsourcing, software implementation, change management, or a host of other reasons issue a request for proposal (RFP) to elicit bids for services or products from vendors in the form of a responding proposal. The RFP process is a means of bringing structure and transparency to the procurement decision and the process allows both the client and potential vendors to vet each other to determine if they are suitable business partners. Before an organization issues the formal RFP to potential vendors, the organization completes several steps. Steps to the Formal RFP One of the most imperative steps†¦show more content†¦And the weight they will assign to each of the criteria. Drafting and Publishing the RFP Documenting the requirements for the engagement is essential, however the requirements need not be exhaustive as to limit the creativity of the respondents. The RFP team needs to take care that the RFP does not include the solution to the issue. In doing so, the team is essentially saying to the respondents, â€Å"We know what is best.† Consequently, some firms may conclude that the potential client is difficult to work with and not worth the effort of responding to the RFP. This limits the pool of respondents and the client may miss an opportunity to collaborate with a consulting firm or product vendor whose ideas and or products are beneficial to their organization’s project success. Requirements are just a portion of the RFP, it should also include, organizational background, short project description and project objectives: In my experience this is often the lengthiest section of the RFP, as it describes the characteristics that define a successful outcome of the project in the team’s estimation. It is worth noting that in general, specific, closed questions are easier to evaluate and score than open-ended ones. However, open-ended questions allow for creativity and may add to the evaluation time, as well as clarity on what the consulting firm or product has to offer. The RFP commonlyShow MoreRelatedPerforming A Cost Benefit Analysis1635 Words   |  7 Pagesstability are all reflected in vendor cost and would be reflected in the cost-benefit analysis and will aid in the vendor selection process. Request for information is the phase in the project where vendor information is requested. A request for information may include information such as rates, experience, and relevant reasons for the vendor’s application. A request for information or RIF is a good way to establish the vendor’s communication ability with potential clients. Electronic Health RecordsRead MoreProposal : A Proposal For Proposal1064 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness, a request for proposal is a contract between two partners, or companies that one side offers the proposal while the other side will help to take care and mange that proposal to make it more successfully. This agreement is considered as a type of document which investors announce that funding is available for a particular project. Companies or investors have money, however the project is over their control because it requires a long and complex process. Therefore, a request for proposal is a needRead MoreThe Steps in the Acquisition Pr ocess for a Negotiated Best Value Source Selection1344 Words   |  6 PagesAcquisition is a process that requires teamwork with each individual and/or group working together to ensure that the customer is provided the greatest overall benefit in response to their requirements (best value). Acquisition planning should start once the need for supplies or services are identified. Integrated Product Teams (IPT) should be used when needed to help develop the acquisition strategy. The use of these teams will reduce false starts and delays resulting from unclear scopes ofRead MoreKey Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesKey Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Key Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Introduction Status of the Opportunity The first steps taken after reviewing a Request for Proposal involves determining the status of the opportunity. (Johnson-Sheehan, 2008). In short one must determine if an opportunity or problem exists. The Request for Proposal under review indicates that Government officials are soliciting a vocational initiative that will be funded toRead MoreCorwin Corporation Case Analysis1005 Words   |  5 PagesCorporation is an internationally known rubber products manufacturer with a reputation for quality. Corwin’s management is conservative and favors expanding markets for existing product over new product development. The company receives frequent requests to manufacture specialty products. A strict management policy and a risk adverse culture results in a 90% no bid on specialty product inquiries. However, Corwin selected to respond to a bid from one of its customers. The project was a complete failureRead MoreProject Management Of The Project1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe propos al writing process is multifaceted, encompassing both the actual submission of a request for proposal as well as the management of the implementation of received funds. Through class lectures and assigned readings, we’ve discussed the various aspects that make up the process of grant writing. Through this essay, I will explain this process as it leads up the management of the project once funded. Furthermore, this essay will explain how to ensure that the proposal submitted addresses keyRead MoreAbstract. This Document Will Briefly Discuss Subjects And1361 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This document will briefly discuss subjects and answer questions related to the development of a Request for Proposal (RFP). First, the purpose of the Management Requirements Section will be discussed and its importance to the RFP. As well, different methods will be reviewed that ensure suppliers provide buyers with the right resources, in addition to managing the risk associated with low quality resources. Further, the complexity of training logistics is discussed in comparison buyerRead MoreMock Request for Proposal1105 Words   |  5 PagesRequest for Proposals Ethan Binkley ENG/221 April 23, 2013 Request for Proposals (RFP) for: A a t Administrative Assistant Temps Microsoft Office Training Services Administrative Assistant Temps (AAT) 555 N. Business Park Avenue Nowhere NY 95952 Section 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY 1.1 Introduction Administrative Assistant Temps (AAT) is an agency designed to fill short term, administrative and secretarial positions for companies around the globe. We have beenRead MoreRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1738 Words   |  7 Pages REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) PROJECT NAME COMPANY NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY, STATE ZIP CODE DATE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 4 5. REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 5 6. BUDGET 5 7. BIDDER QUALIFICATIONS 6 8. PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 6 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND Center for Advance Research in Engineering (Care) is currently accepting proposals to Reverse Engineer the availableRead MoreCorwin Corporation Case Analysis997 Words   |  4 PagesCorporation is an internationally known rubber products manufacturer with a reputation for quality. Corwin’s management is conservative and favors expanding markets for existing product over new product development. The company receives frequent requests to manufacture specialty products. A strict management policy and a risk adverse culture results in a 90% no bid on specialty product inquiries. However, Corwin selected to respond to a bid from one of its customers. The project was a complete failure

Does Life Exist Elsewhere in the Cosmos

The search for life on other worlds has consumed our imaginations for decades. Humans feed on a constant supply of science fiction stories and movies such as  Star Wars, Star Trek, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which all cheerfully suggest that they are out there. People find aliens and the possibility of alien life are fascinating topics and wondering if aliens have walked among us is a popular pastime. But, do they really exist out there? Its a good question. How the Search for Life Is Done These days, using advanced technology, scientists may be on the verge of discovering places where life not only exists but may well be thriving. Worlds with life on them may be all over the  Milky Way Galaxy. They could also be in our own solar system, in places that arent exactly like the life-friendly habitats that exist here on Earth. Its not just a search about life, however. Its also about finding places that are hospitable to life in all its many forms. Those forms may be like the life that exists on Earth, or they could be very different. Understanding the conditions in the galaxy that enable the chemicals of life to assemble together in just the right way.   Astronomers have found more than 5,000 exoplanets in the galaxy. These are worlds circling other stars. There are many more candidate worlds to be studied. How do they find them? Space-based telescopes such as the Kepler Space Telescope look for them using specialized instruments. Ground-based observers also look for extrasolar planets using very sensitive instruments attached to some of the worlds largest telescopes.   Once they find worlds, the next step for scientists is to figure out if they are habitable. That means, astronomers ask the question: can this planet support life? On some, conditions for life could be quite good. Some worlds, however, orbit too close to their star, or too far away. The best chances for finding life lie in the so-called habitable zones. These are regions around the parent star where liquid water, which is necessary for life, could exist. Of course, there are many other scientific questions to be answered in the search for life.   How Life is Made Before scientists can understand if life exists on a planet, its important to know how life arises.  One major sticking point in discussions of life elsewhere is the question of how it gets started. Scientists can manufacture cells in a laboratory, so how hard could it really be for life to spring up under the right conditions? The problem is that they are not actually building them from the raw materials. They take already living cells and replicate them. Thats not the same thing at all. There are a couple of facts to remember about creating life on a planet: Its NOT simple to do.  Even if biologists had all the right components, and could put them together under ideal conditions, we cant yet make even one living cell from scratch. It may very well be possible someday, but not now.Scientists dont really know how the first living cells formed. Sure they have some ideas, but no one has replicated the process in a lab.   What they do know are the basic chemical building blocks of life. The elements that formed life on our planet existed in the primordial cloud of gas and dust from which the Sun and planets arose. That would include the carbons, hydrocarbons, molecules, and other pieces and parts that make up life. The next big question is how it all came together on early Earth to form the first one-celled life forms. Theres not a complete answer to that one, yet. Scientists know conditions on early Earth were conducive to life: the right mix of elements was there. It was just a matter of time and mixing before the earliest one-celled animals came about. But, what was it that spurred all the right things in the right place to form life? Still unanswered. Yet, life on Earth — from the microbes to the humans and plants — is living proof that it is possible for life to form. So, if it happened here, it could happen elsewhere, right? In the vastness of the galaxy, there ​should exist another world with conditions for life to exist and upon that tiny orb life would have sprung up. Right? Probably. But no one knows for sure yet. How Rare is Life in our Galaxy? Given that the galaxy (and universe) for that matter, is rich with the basic elements that went into creating life, its very likely that yes, there are planets with life on them. Sure, some birth clouds are going to have slightly different mixes of elements, but in the main, if were looking for carbon-based life, theres a good chance its out there. Science fiction likes to talk about silicon-based life, and other forms not familiar to humans. Nothing rules that out. But, theres no convincing data showing the existence of any life out there. Not yet. Attempting to estimate the number of life forms in our galaxy is a bit like guessing the number of words in a book, without being told which book. Since there is a large disparity between, for instance, Goodnight Moon and Ulysses, it is safe to say that the person doing the guessing doesnt have enough information. That may seem a bit depressing, and its not the answer everybody wants. After all, humans LOVE science fiction universes where other life forms are teeming out there. Chances are, there is life out there. But, just not enough proof. And, that raises the question, if there IS life, how much of it is part of an advanced civilization? Thats important to think about because life could be as simple as a microbial population in an alien sea, or it could be a full-blown space-faring civilization. Or somewhere in between.   However, that doesnt mean there isnt any. And, scientists have devised thought experiments to figure out how many worlds might have life in the galaxy. Or the universe. From those experiments, theyve come up with a mathematical expression to give an idea about how rare (or not) other civilizations may be. Its called the Drake Equation and looks like this: N R*  Ã‚ · fp  · ne  Ã‚ ·fl  Ã‚ ·fi    · fc  Ã‚ · L. where N is the number you get if you multiply the following factors together: the average rate of star formation, the fraction of stars that have planets, the average number of planets that can support life, the fraction of those worlds that actually develop life, the fraction of those that have intelligent life, the fraction of civilizations that have communications technologies to make their presence known, and the length of time that theyve been releasing them.   Scientists plug numbers in for all these variables and come up with different answers depending on what numbers are used. It turns out there could be just ONE planet (ours) with life, or there could be tens of thousands of possible civilizations out there.   We Just Dont Know — Yet! So, where does this leave humans with an interest in life elsewhere? With a very simple, yet unsatisfying conclusion. Could life exist elsewhere in our galaxy? Absolutely. Are scientists certain of it? Not even close. Unfortunately, until humanity actually makes contact with a people not of this world, or at least begin to fully understand how life came to exist on this tiny blue rock, the questions about life elsewhere arent going to be answered. Its most likely that scientists will find evidence of life in our own solar system first, beyond Earth. But, that search requires more missions to other places, such as Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. That discovery may come about much faster than the discovery of life on worlds around other stars.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 1542 Words

East Asia is globalizing at a rapid speed, and due to its large influence on the rest of the world it is important to analyze the progression occurring here. Currently, the war against terrorism is a growing concern and countries around the world have come together to meet for a consensus about the negativity surrounding terrorism, specifically a unification against ISIS. ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terror organization that has claimed responsibilities for the recent bombings in Paris, Belgium and Pakistan (1). The Obama Administration has shown great attention and focus towards ending ISIS and creating a unification between allied nations. On November 15 2015, President Obama met with the presidents of†¦show more content†¦On a local scale, communities in East Asia are aware and understand the threat of ISIS. Early in 2015, 2 Japanese hostages were captured by ISIS and were later killed by the terror group (3). During this time the Japan ese government worked diligently with international alliances and the local communities to assure that anything that could be done, would be done. Unfortunately, the hostages were killed, but such a scenario presents the global-local nexus of Japan. The Japanese people were obviously alarmed by the situation, and the government provided them with up-to-date notifications of the situation and reassurance that their government was involved. This type of interaction transpired into Japan’s global interactions with President Obama and French president Francois Hollande (3). These nations voiced their opinion against the acts of ISIS and showed a consensus that such an organization needed to be ended. Unfortunately, many East Asian nations besides Japan have been affected by ISIS. In Indonesia there are about seven Islamist extremist groups that acknowledge their actions to ISIS. A recent bloody strike reported on January 14th in the capital’s downtown district left eight d ead, validating the presence of ISIS in East Asia’s door steps. A group in the Philippines recently pledged their allegiance to ISIS in a short clip. A Starbucks in Thailand was affected by two suicide bombers and four additional explosions occurred

Jane Eyres Self

Jane Eyre?s Self-Discovery Essay The novel Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte consists of continuous journey through Janes life towards her final happiness and freedom. Janes physical journeys contribute significantly to plot development and to the idea that the novel is a journey through Janes life. Each journey causes her to experience new emotions and an eventual change of some kind. These actual journeys help Jane on her four figurative journeys, as each one allows her to reflect and grow. Jane makes her journey from Gateshead to Lowood at the age of ten, finally freeing her from her restrictive life with her aunt, who hates her. Jane resented her harsh treatment by her aunt. Mrs. Reeds attitude towards Jane highlights on of the main themes of the novel, the social class. Janes aunt sees Jane as inferior, who is less than a servant. Jane is glad to be leaving her cruel aunt and of having the chance of going to school. At Lowood she wins the friendship of everyone there, but her life is difficult because conditions are poor at the school. She has come to be respected by the teachers and students, largely due to the influence of her teacher, Miss Temple, who has taken a part as a mother, governess, and a companion. Jane has found in Miss temple what Mrs. Reed always denied her. Also at Lowood Jane confront another main theme of the novel, the natural violence, which is depicted by Bronte then typhus kills many of the students including Janes best friend, Helen Burns. This scene is especially important, because it makes Jane stronger, which is appropriate, as mentally strong people cope with violence in a more rational way. As Jane grows up and passes the age of eighteen, she advertises herself as a governess and is hired to a place called Thornfield. Although journeying into the completely unknown, Jane does not look back, only forward to her new life and her freedom at Thornfield. This particular journey marks a huge change in Janes life; its a fresh start for her. Another important journey Jane makes is from Gateshead back to Thornfield having visited her aunt Reed on her deathbed. By then Jane realizes that she loves Rochester. A key theme is raised here, Jane fierce desire to love and to be loved. She feels alone and isolated when she has no friends around her. This is a sharp contrast compared to other characters search for money and social position. These contrasting themes strengthened with every journey she makes. When returning to Thornfield Jane is unhappy, but keeps her promise to Mr. Rochester and his daughter. She believes at this point that Mr. Rochester is going to marry Blanche Ingram, and that she will have to leave Thornfield and never see Mr. Rochester again. However, Mr. Rochester offers his hand in marriage to Jane, but her happiness is short-lived after finding out that he is still married to Bertha. Although so many terrible things are happening to her, her spirit remains unbroken. Jane flees from Thronfield and Mr. Roches ter. Jane hearing Rochesters voice calling her prompts her final journey from St. John to Thornfield. Jane and Rochesters relationship blossoms once again, but differently than before. In the past, Jane felt like an inferior to Rochester because he was her employer and was wealthy. Jane now feels at perfect ease, Rochester has become a better man because of his disabilities. Ultimately, these four journeys mirror Janes four emotional journeys. She transforms from an immature child to an intelligent adult. Jane also changes from innocent and nave to mature and strong-willed person. All of her experiences teach her how to love and feel loved and to discover her true family roots.